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There are four basic language skills that the students need to learn and practice in the classroom, i.e. speaking, writing, reading and listening. Teaching reading and listening skills is the focus of this unit.
Receptive skills are reading and listening. Both work on the same principles in the sense that we read or listen for a purpose and for entertainment. It may be because we want to know something or need some information (purpose) or we just read or listen for personal enjoyment (entertainment).
Reading involves making sense of written text. Listening on the other hand involves making sense of the meaningful sounds of language. Both involve making use of context, language and our knowledge of the world. In addition, both involve using different subskills such as predicting, scanning, skimming, reading and listening for details and deducing meaning from context.
Developing receptive skills can be particularly challenging as it poses some potential problems in connection with the language content, the topic and the tasks the students will perform. Teachers can help them by pre-teaching vocabulary and exposing them to many resources like CDs, DVDs, television, music, books and magazines which provide real language use. However, authentic materials can demotivate students if the materials are not appropriately graded or applicable to their interests. It is an important consideration to choose material which is not too difficult or easy and also which relates culturally. Equally important are effectively staging a reading or listening lesson to maximize output.
