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There are four things that students need to do with new language: be exposed to it, understand its meaning, understand its grammatical structures and be able to practise and produce it.
The four criteria that we need to consider when selecting vocabulary are: Appropriacy to the students, Appropriacy to the task, Frequency and coverage, and Teachability. Students need to know about: the meaning, use, word grammar, interaction with other words, spelling and pronunciation of a vocabulary item.
Grammatical structures are determined by class level and the course syllabus that we are using. For this part, a student need to know the language meaning, how it is used, the grammatical form and how it is said or written.
Regarding language functions, they include areas such as inviting, refusing, suggesting, etc. The teaching language functions also includes the appropriacy of the language in terms of the kind of language they use.
We can easily apply our ESA methods to introduce new language. Grammar or vocabulary lessons commonly use the straight arrow ESA approach, while functions-based lessons are more commonly approached with boomerang or patchwork ESA structures. This is not a rule, however, to be an effective teacher, we should choose the appropriate techniques for each lesson.
