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The four present tenses are present simple, present continuous, present perfect, and present perfect continuous. They are each used to express actions taking place under certain circumstances relating to the present moment.
The present simple tense is used for habits, routines, and facts that are true at the current moment. This tense is formed by simply using the base form of the verb (adding an "s" or "es" to regular verbs for 3rd person singular subjects). The auxiliary verb "do/does" is used to form negative statements and questions.
The present continuous tense is used for expressing ongoing actions that are currently happening. It is formed by the auxiliary "be" ("am/is/are") and adding "-ing" to the main verb. The auxiliary "am/is/are" is also used to form negative statements and questions.
The present perfect tense is used for actions that began in the past and are still true in the present. It is formed by the present participle of the auxiliary verb "have/has" and the past participle form of the main verb. The auxiliary "have/has" is also used to form negative statements and questions.
The present perfect continuous tense is used for ongoing actions that began in the past and are still ongoing in the present. It is formed with the present participle of the auxiliary verb "have/has" and the past participle of the auxiliary "be" ("been") and adding "-ing" to the main verb. "Have/has" and "been" are also used to form negative statements and questions.
Activities based on this content for the activate stage of a lesson must get students talking freely in English as much as possible in scenarios that portray circumstances in which the use of each form of the present tense makes sense so that they can improve their fluency and their natural and spontaneous use of the language correctly.
