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The future is one of the most complex areas of the English language. So many different tenses and ideas can be used with future meanings. The seven most common are as follows: future simple, future continuous, future perfect, simple perfect continuous, be going plus infinitive, present simple, and present continuous.
The following is how the future tense forms are constructed:
Future simple positive: will/shall+verb -I will follow you.
Future simple negative: will/shall+not+verb -I will not follow you.
Future simple question: will/shall+subject+verb -Shall I follow you?
Future continuous positive: subject+will+be+verb+ing -I will be coming for you.
Future continuous negative: subject+will+not+be+verb+ing -I will not be coming for you.
Future continuous question: will+subject+be+verb+ing -Will you be coming for me?
Future perfect positive: will+have+past participle -I will have studied for 4 hours.
Future perfect negative: will+have+not+past participle - He will not have studied.
Future perfect question: will+subject+have+past participle -Will you have studied at all?
Future perfect continuous positive: will+have+been+verb+ing
-I will have been playing for 5 years by next June.
Future perfect continuous negative: will+have+not+been+verb+ing
-You will not have been playing for that long by then.
Future perfect continuous question: will+subject+have+been+verb+ing
-Will he have been playing for that long by then?
Be going +infinitive positive: verb 'to be' (present)+subject+going to+base form
-I am going to play hockey tomorrow.
Be going +infinitive negative: verb 'to be' (present)+not+going to+base form
-He is not going to play hockey tomorrow.
Be going +infinitive question: verb 'to be' (present)+subject+going to+base form
-Are you going to be playing tomorrow?
Usages for future simple are for: future facts/certainties, promises, predictions, assumptions/speculations, and threats.
Usages for future continuous are: to say something that will be in progress at a particular time in the future, to say what we think or guess might be happening now, for polite enquiries about other peoples plans, and to refer to future events that are fixed or decided.
The usage for future perfect is to say something that will have been done, completed, or achieved by a certain time in the future.
The Usage for future perfect continuous is how long something will have continued by a certain time.
Usages for 'be going'+infinitive are: to state future intentions, predictions (based on present evidence), and plans (decisions made before speaking).
Usages for present simple with future meaning are: to suggest a more formal situation, for timetables and schedules, and to suggest a more impersonal tone (often implying an outside compulsion).
Usages for present continuous with future meaning are: for definite arrangements and for decisions and plans without a time frame.
I learned a lot about future tenses in this unit. Future tenses are a complex arrea of the English language and can cause much confusion for students. More ways to refer to the future than the past or the present. It is important for teachers to provide activities to students that show the differences and construction and usage of each tense. Activities that act out real life situations using all of the tenses learned are very good for activate stages of lessons. Teachers should be sure to correct misconstruction and misuse of tenses to avoid mistakes becoming ingrained or students becoming confused. Teachers should be sure to first give the opportunity to the student to self correct before asking other students to correct and save teacher correction as a last resort. Teachers should also make sure correction doesn't impede the flow of the lesson.
